Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 department - handi craft faculty - handicraft university - art university of isfahan
2 grajuated of ma in major of handcraft facult of hand craft university of ar t of isfahan isfahan iran
Abstract
Tiling is one of noble arts that is related to Iranian architecture. The first sample of tiles in the world was used in Iran. In the art of tiling, artists depicted beliefs, religious concepts, narrative, epic, and mythological themes. Tiling actually was a visual language of tile painters. Like other arts, tiling declined during Qajar era, but eventually found its own style. Tiling was used in decorating different buildings including gardens, palaces, holly places and houses during Qajar era. Tiling was used in different parts of these buildings including walls, dados, porches, rooms, pool houses, and the head of buildings. The use of tiling with fresh and lively colors became popular in various buildings which was unprecedented in Iranian tiling before that. In addition to having visual beauty, tiling was a resistant material that was suitable for different parts of the building.
Shiraz had its own style in the field of tiling in Qajar era and outstanding tiling of Qajar era can be found in various buildings of this city. Tiling reached its peak in Shiraz houses during Qajar era. Shiraz Qajar houses have a valuable treasure of this era tiling. Although the artistic features of these tiles follow the artistic schools of Qajar era, their themes were formed under the influence of various social factors. These tiling have been used in different parts of Shiraz Qajar houses including the head of building, yard, dados, pool house, porch, and rooms. Some of these tiling is being destroyed. Therefore, analysing the social factors influencing on the formation of these tiling motifs is very important to keep them alive and recreate them.
So, the aim of the present research is to analyse the social factors influencing on the formation of Haft-Rang tiling motifs in Qajar houses of Shiraz. Since the thematic focus of this research is on Qajar houses of Shiraz and it examines a specific geographical area, therefore, it has been tried to consider all social factors influencing the artistic features of the works. The research question is as follows: What Social factors have influenced the formation of tiling motifs in Qajar houses of Shiraz? Research method is descriptive-analytical, data collection method is library-based and data analysis method is qualitative. To do the research, the tiles of seven Qajar houses in Shiraz (Atrvash house, Zinat-al-molk house, Qavam-al-molk house, Dokhanchi house, Salehi house, Saadat house, and Mohtasham house) were examined.
Research findings demonstrated that the motifs of these tiling are a reflection of the set of social factors of Qajar era such as the structure of society, beliefs, cultural events, market, jobs and social attentions between traditionalism and foreignism in Qajar society. This result shows that tile maker artists of Qajar era paid special attention to social beliefs and concepts for the design and construction of their works.
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