Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 خیابان شیخ صدوق شمالی، بن بست اردیبهشت، پلاک 104
2 Professor, Islamic Art Department, Handicraft Faculty, Art University of Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
The mourning rituals observed around the world share a common pattern rooted in the belief in the resurrection of fertility deities and the reliance of humans on these forces for sustenance. Hence, in ancient cultures, many commonalities can be identified between the rituals and performances related to land fertility and mourning ceremonies. One of the notable rituals mentioned numerous times in historical sources and visual documents is the "placing of the felt around the neck," which can be traced back to harvest-related performances, such as shepherding rituals.
Accordingly, the current study aims to explore the origins of the "placing of the felt around the neck" in mourning practices within the context of the illustrations found in the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. This research seeks to answer the following questions: What worldview and beliefs underpin the ritual of placing felt around the neck? What connection does it have with shepherding performances?
This historical-comparative research employs purposeful sampling to analyze two illustrations from the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp, focusing on the mournings of Iraj and Farood. Furthermore, by adopting an iconographic approach, it analyzes related literary, historical, mythical texts, and also relevant visual styles.
The study concludes that the act of hanging black felt from the neck is an imitation and interpretation of the garment worn by the fertility deity, who has taken the form of a shepherd. The correlation between shepherding rituals and the blessings they bring signals the arrival of spring, the end of winter, and the birthing of livestock. This connection illustrates the bond between the lives of Neolithic humans and the development of animal husbandry practices.
The ancestors’ attempt to invoke these deities was motivated by a desire to seek their favor in bestowing blessings on agricultural products. By understanding these practices and their origins, one can appreciate the deep-rooted cultural significance of mourning rituals, connecting them to broader themes of life, death, and rebirth.
Moreover, this research highlights the importance of agricultural cycles in shaping the religious and cultural landscape of ancient societies. The rites associated with mourning, fertility, and shepherding reflect a harmonious relationship between humans and nature, underscoring the reliance on divine forces for sustenance and prosperity.
In conclusion, the intersections of these rituals provide insight into the complex tapestry of beliefs that define ancient civilizations. The study invites further exploration into how ritual practices evolve over time and how they maintain relevance in contemporary contexts, stressing the importance of preserving cultural heritage and understanding its significance in a modern world increasingly disconnected from its agrarian roots. The examination of such cultural artifacts illuminates not only the historical practices of mourning and observance but also the enduring legacy of these traditions as they adapt and transform in the face of changing societal values.
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