The cultural of respect and successful aging; underlying approach for participatory-oriented lifestyle

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

University of Art

Abstract

 
Population aging is rising in both MEDC (More Economically-Developed Countries) & even LEDC (Less Economically-Developed Countries) due to various factors including an increase of life expectancy and also declining birth rates. Successful Aging (SA) has been brought to scientists and gerontologists’ attentions and thrown into the picture of population aging. According to the definition of SA, one should have physical, mental and social well-being to be considered as a successful elderly. However, various studies show that other factors such as the elderly’s socio-economic status, educational level, living environment and lifestyle have to be involved in the definition of SA. Serious attention was also paid by Iranian scientists to Iran’s aging population. However, despite the large number of studies in the area of Iran’s aging population, no research has been taken on aging with an emphasis on Iranian culture and the role of design in the elderly’s social interactions. This research addresses the concept of “Respect”, as one of the key cultural characteristics of the Iranian, with regards to the concept of SA. A group of 25 aged male and female peoples voluntarily participated in the study. Both structured & non-structured in-depth interviews were administered to see if the idea of “respect” can be traced in their utterances. The results provide some support for the elderly’s definition of being successful, on the basis of retaining social respect & dignity. Accordingly, a conceptual urban furniture was also developed for sharing their very own life experiences with the younger groups. This product, in turn, is believed to facilitate more interactions for the elderly, contributing to their physical and social well-being.

- بهروزفر، فریبرز،) 1379 (، شناخت مشخصات محیطی مناسب سالمندان، نشریه علمی پژوهشی صفَ ، ه
شماره سی و یکم، سال دهم، صص 87 - 82
- پو رجعفر، محمدرضا؛ تقوایی، عل یاکبر؛ بمانیان، محمدرضا؛ صادقی، علیرضا؛ احمدی، فریال ) 1389 (،
ارائه انگاره های محیطی موثر بر شکل گیری فضاهای عمومی مشوق عمومی مشوق سالمندی موفق با
تاکید بر ترجیحات سالمندان شهر شیراز، مجله سالمندی ایرا ، ن شماره پانزدهم، سال پنجم، صص- 22
34
- پناغی،لیلی؛ ایارشی،زهره؛ منصوری،نادر؛ دهقانی، محسن ) 1388 (، کیفیت زندگی و ویژگی های
جمعیت شناختی مرتبط با آن در سالمندان شهرتهران، مجله سالمندی ایرا ، ن شماره دوازدهم، سال
چهارم، صص 87 -
- دشمنگیر، پریناز؛ تقدیسی، محمدحسین؛ دشمنگیر، لیلا؛ دهداری، طاهره ) 1391 (، عوامل تاثیرگذار بر
سبک زندگی سالم از دیدگاه سالمندان:مطالعه کیفی، مجله سالمندی ایرا ، ن شماره بیست و هفتم، سال
هفتم، صص 58 - 47
- مجلسی، محم دباقر ) 1983 (، بحارالانوا ، ر جلد 72 ، موسسه الوهاب ، بیروت ، لبنان.
- Baltes, P. B.,&Baltes, M. M,(1990), Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model
of selective optimization with compensation, Cambridge University Press, New york.
- Bowling ,A, (2007), Aspirations for older age in the 21st century: What is successful aging?
International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64(3), 263- 297.
- Callahan, C. M., McHorney, C. A., & Mulrow, C. D. (2003). Determinants of successful aging:
Developing an integrated research agenda for the 21st century, Annals of Internal Medicine, 139,
389–462.
- Carr, Kelly, Weir, Patricia L, Azar, Dory, & Azar, Nadia R, (2013), Universal Design: A Step
90
دوفصلنامۀعلمی- پژوهشی دانشگاه هنر شماره نوزده بهار وتابستان 96 نامۀ هنرهای تجسمی و کاربردی
toward Successful Aging, Journal of Aging Research: Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 1- 8.
- Cohen, G, (2000), The Creative Age: Awakening Human Potential in the Second Half of Life,
New York.
- Cumming, E., & Henry, W. E,(1961.), Growing old: The process of disengagement. New York.
- Demirbilek, O., Demirkan, H,(1998), Involving the elderly in the design process, Archit, 41 (4),
157–163.
- Depp, C. A., & Jeste, D. V,(2006), Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive
review of larger quantitative studies, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 620-
- Edward, Kelly M, Lach, Helen W, Fisher, Edwin, & Baum, M. Carolyn, (2000), Relationship
of Activity and Social Support to the Functional Health of Older Adults. The Journals of
Gerontology, 55(4), 208–212.
- Eshghi.SR, Farajzadegan.Z, Babak.A,(2010), Healthy lifestyle assessment questunnaire in
elderly: Translation, reliability and validity, Payesh, 9(1), 91- 9.
- Fernandez, A, (2010), Concepts of respect as an approach to addressing ageism: research paper,
Macquarie University, Sydney.
- Fry, C. L., Dickerson-Putman, J., Draper, P., Ikels, C., Keith, J. Glascock, A. P., et al,(1997),
Culture and the meaning of a good old age, London: Bergin and Garvey pp. 99–123
- Gibbard, A, (1992), Wise choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgment, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Havighurst, R. J, (1963), Successful aging, Atherton Press, New York, pp. 299320−
- Holmes, E. R., & Holmes, L. D, (1995), Other cultures, elder years, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Kahn RL, (2002), Successful aging and well-being: Self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn,
Gerontologist, 42(6), 725- 726.
- Kunzman, U., Little, T. D., & Smith, J, (2000), Is age-related stability of subjective well-being
a paradox? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology
and Aging, 15, 511− 526.
- Lawton, M. P, & Nahemow, L,(1973), An ecological theory of adaptive behavior and aging. The
psychology of adult development and aging. USA
- Liu, K. S., & Lapane, L, (2009),Residential modifications and decline in physical function
among community-dwelling older adults,The Cambridge Gerontologist Journal, 49(3), 344- 354.
- Meyer,S.V ,(2009), Successful Aging: A Quantitative Study of Resiliency and Adaptability
as Mediating Factors in the Successful Aging of Older Adults. (Doctoral dissertation, Pacific
University).
- Montross, L.P., Depp, C., Daly, J. et al, (2006), Correlates of self-rated successful aging among
community-dwelling older adults, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 43–51.
- Noelker, L. S., & Harel, Z, (2000), Linking quality of long-term care and quality of life. Springer,
New York.
- Phelan EA, Larson EB, (2002), Successful aging – Where next? Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 50(7), 1306- 1308.
- Regnier, V., & Byerts, O. N,(1983), Applying research to plan and design of housing for elderly,
The Urban Land Institute Publications, Washigton
- Rosic, K, (2010), Mutual Respect: research paper, Macquarie University, Sydney.
- Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L, (1998), Successful Aging, The Gerontological Society of America
Press, New York
- Ryff CD, Singer B, (2009), Understanding healthy aging: Key components and their
Sheehan, N. W, (1992), Successful administraition of senior housing:working with eldery
residents. London: Sage Publications.
فرهنگ احترام و سالمندی موفق؛ زمینه ساز ...
91
نامۀ هنرهای تجسمی و کاربردی
- Strawbridge WJ, Wallhagen MI, Cohen .R.D,(2002), Successful aging and well-being, Selfrated
compared with Rowe and Kahn. Gerontologist, 42.72733-.
- Steinfeld, E. Maisel,L,J ,(2012), Universal Design Creating Inclusive Environments, Published
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
- Story, M.F, (1998), Maximizing usability: the principles of universal design, Assistive Technology
Journal, 10(1), 4- 12.
- Sung, K. T, (2004), Elder respect among young adults: A cross-cultural study of Americans and
Koreans. Journal of Aging Studies, 18, 215- 230.
- Tajvar, M., Arab, M., Montazeri, A,(2008), Determinant of health-related quality of life in
elderly in Tehran. BMC Public health, 8 (323), 1- 8
- Sung, K.T., Kim, B.J. & Torres-Gil, F. (2010) Respectfully Treating the Elderly: Affective and
Behavioural Ways of American Young Adults. Educational Gerontology, Volume 36, pages 127
– 147
- von faber, M., Bootsma-van der Weil, A., van Exel, E., Gussekloo, J., Lagaay, A. M., van Dongen,
E., et al, (2001), Successful aging in the oldest old: Who can be characterized as successfully
aged? Archives of Internal Medicine, 161, 2694–2700.
- World Health Organization, (2010), Data and Statistics, Retrieved September 15, 2013, from:
http://www.who.int/research/en/