Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Faculty member, Instructor of carpet group, Faculty of applied arts, Art university, Tehran, Iran
2 handicraft Department, faculty of applied arts ,University of Art,Tehran,iran
Abstract
The Gonbad-e Sorkh is one of the most prominent buildings of the Seljuk period belonging 542 AH. The variety of brickwork, stucco and tile-making techniques in the execution of decorative forms, Gırıh tıles and Kufic inscriptions has such a manifestation in this building that has practically overshadowed other aspects of its architecture. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research in this field due to the variety of techniques and decorations in architecture. The main question of this article is what are the decorative features of letters and Golandazes of brick and tile used in the Gonbad-e Sorkh epigraphs? The main purpose of this study is to recognize and rediscover the ornaments and inscriptions of the Gonbad-e Sorkh.
The mentioned study is in fact a qualitative research and using photographs of the actual monument, at first the building and its ornaments and decorations have been represented and described, then the data has been carefully analyzed. Collecting the data was accomplished through library studies and also all of the photographs have been taken from the original dome. The findings show that the most technical use of brickwork in this dome are the motifs and patterns known Golandaz (and various brick ornaments such as Ragchine Golandaz or Golchin) and Jenaghi, Girih tiles, Khefteh and Rasteh Kelookband and the Ragchin inscriptions of the building. In thıs building beside the molded bricks, Pishbor, engraved and stucco, turquoise and blue tiles are also used in its body. In other words, the integration of several types of materials in the decoration of the Gonbad-e Sorkh, such as the combination of "brick and tile" and "brick and plaster" in one role, has been from the other initiatives that have been used in this building. The writing and decorative system of the inscriptions of the Gonbad-e Sorkh has been executed in three ways without additional makeup and decoration, combined with geometric motifs and with geometric and Arabesque motifs. The making of Gereh (knot) is in two ways inside the frames and independent of the inscriptions and is divided by the continuation of the inscription letters. These inscriptions made of engraved bricks, along with plaster decorations are other forms of decorative features of this building.
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