مطالعة تطبیقی تزئینات هندسی وابسته به معماری در دوران اموی و سلجوقیان بزرگ بر اساس عوامل و زمینه‌های فرهنگی

Studying and investigating the structures of drawing geometric decorations in different periods of Islamic architecture is the subject of future research. This raises two important questions; The first question is related to the nature and difference of the drawing patterns of decorations in each historical period. These differences, which create special and different motifs in each historical period, are known as visual language in the art and architecture of each period and become its distinguishing feature from other periods; And the second question is the reasons for the changes and differences that arise in the structure of pattern design and decorations in different historical periods. The answer to each of these questions, in the first step, requires searching, studying and identifying the basic patterns of drawing geometric motifs, and after that, the analysis of the cultural contexts of these changes. This research has chosen to study, apply and compare the geometric decorations related to architecture in the two historical periods of the Umayyads and the Great Seljuks. This choice is due to the need to examine changes in drawing patterns, with a time interval of several centuries; So that tangible differences can be searched through intellectual-cultural changes that have occurred in a relatively long period of time, and the ability to evaluate those developments becomes possible. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. The statistical community of the research is the geometric decorations related to the most important Umayyad and Seljuk buildings; Searching and comparing the main structures in the decorations of these two historical periods is the first step of this research, and their evolution has been determined. In the next step, the reasons for these important transformations, and the influence of the intellectual and cultural backgrounds and factors of the historical periods investigated in the research, on the developments in the structures of drawing geometric motifs have been investigated and studied. According to the findings of the research , according to the intellectual and cultural atmosphere, the type of governance and the state of knowledge in the Umayyad era, the basis of drawing the geometric decorations of the architecture of this period was taken from the culture and art before it and was used without any structural change in them. has taken; On the other hand, the structure of drawing in the same type of geometric decorations in buildings and architecture in the Great Seljuk period has a completely new and new style. This new structure and its related geometrical ornamentation is related to the geometry of polytheism, and it is rooted in scientific, cultural developments, and intellectual dynamics, especially the movement of translation and innovations of mathematical knowledge and geometrical treatises.