نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، بروجرد، ایران

2 دکتری معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بحث درباره­ی زیبایی در هنرهای تجسمی و نیز معماری، همواره از دغدغه­های هنرمندان، معماران و حتی فلاسفه بوده است، و نظرات متفاوتی نیز در این زمینه وجود دارد. در اوایل قرن بیستم و در پی جنبش­های هنری پیش آمده در جهان، هنرمندان زیادی برای تعریف اصول زیبایی در هنرهای تجسمی تلاش کردند که ما امروزه این دانش را با نام مبانی هنرهای تجسمی می­شناسیم. این پژوهش با انتخاب خانه­ی بروجردی­ها که در سال 2015 توسط گردشگران، به عنوان نمونه­ی برتر یونسکو معرفی شده است و تحلیل بصری آن بر اساس اصول نُه­گانه­ی چارلز جنسن برای بالندگی بصری که عبارتند از: 1- تناسب، 2- تباین (کنتراست)، 3- تعادل، 4- هماهنگی (کمپوزیسیون)، 5- تنوع، 6- ریتم، 7- تنوع در ریتم، 8- حرکت و 9- غالب بودن نقطه­ی تمرکز، سعی دارد به صورت تصویری رعایت این اصول را در بنای مورد نظر اثبات نماید تا به دلیل انتخاب آن برسد. به این منظور تصاویر بر اساس اصول گفته شده و به روش توصیفی تحلیلی آنالیز شده­اند و برای اثبات اصل تناسب نیز از نرم­افزار ریاضی PhiMatrix که یابنده­ی نسبت زرین می­باشد؛ استفاده شده است. بر مبنای تحلیل­های به دست آمده،  اصول­ مورد نظر به شکل نیرومندی در طراحی بنا رعایت شده­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relationship between the Basics of Visual Arts and Beauty in Architecture (Case Study: Boroujerdi House)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masume Gudarzi 1
  • Mohammad Hadian pur 2

1

2

چکیده [English]

The discussion of architectural beauty has always been a concern of artists, architects and even philosophers, so there are different views on this subject, which sometimes do not have much in common with each other. In the early 20th century, in order to overcome these disputes, many artists tried to find principles for beauty in the visual arts such as painting, sculpture, architecture and other visual arts that were sometimes newly created. The culmination of the study of professional visual communication in the first half of 20th century was by artists such as Vasili Kandinsky, Paul Kelly, Mowholney, George Caps, Joseph Albers and their followers. Some of them were Bauhaus artists and theorists. By studying the characteristics of the visual elements, these people categorized and analyzed this aspect of visual arts. Almost simultaneously with the studies on the basics of visual art, some European psychologists found a way to discover the visual perceptions of mankind called Gestalt. The goal of all these efforts was to define a benchmark for recognizing the beauty that was needed due to the creation of new artistic disciplines, some of which were baseless and absent from beauty. Today we know result of these efforts, as the basics of visual arts. In this article we have considered Charles Johnson's nine principles for visual beauty, which include: 1- the fit, 2- the contrast, 3- the balance, 4- the harmony (composition),5- the variety, 6- the rhythm, 7- the variation in rhythm, 8- the movement and 9- the dominance of the focus point. From the view point of aesthetically, for the vast majority of people, the traditional architecture is in a position of superiority to the modern examples. This research by analysing the Boroujerdi house (which presented by UNESCO as a superior example) based on principles of knowledge of the basics of visual arts, tries to address the reasons for the visual superiority of traditional Iranian architecture. We work in descriptive-analytic method and used mathematical software PhiMatrix, for detect golden ratio in facades. The general process of work is that after proving the possibility of analyzing two dimensional images instead of three dimensional spaces and presenting the principles of visual enhancement. A number of images related to the main views have been analyzed to prove these principles. Based on analyzes obtained from the case study, these nine principles are extremely well observed in this house. It seems that the full observance of these visual rules, which all human beings unconsciously recognize, are the criterion of aesthetic perception; is the reason for choosing this home by tourists as a superior example. We see that such interdisciplinary research in the future could lead to a proper definition of beauty in architecture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Boroujerdi House
  • Basics of Visual Art
  • Beauty in Architecture
  • Traditional House
  • Iranian Architecture