نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اعظم حکیم ¹
• بهمن نامور مطلق ²

¹ دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

² استادیار گروه زبان فرانسه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در طول تاریخ نقاشی، آثار بیشماری وجود دارد که با رویکردهای مختلفی بازتولید شده اند از جمله نقاشی ژکوند اثر لئوناردو داوینچی. یکی از برگرفتگی های کم تر شناخته شده از این اثر، نقاشی ژکوند اثر رنه مگریت است. انواع برگرفتگی یکی از موضوعات مورد مطالعه در رویکرد ترامتنی ژرار ژنت با عنوان بیش متنیت می باشد. نقاشی مگریت به عنوان بیش متن، به رابطه ای پیچیده، چند لایه و رمز آلود میان اثر، عنوان و همینطور پیش متنش یعنی ژکوند داوینچی شکل می دهد. پژوهش حاضر قصد دارد با روش تحلیلی و با استناد به گونه شناسی بیش متنی ژنت و با بهره گیری از دیگر آثار مگریت و ویژگی های بافتی خلق اثر یعنی سبک سوررئالیسم به خوانش تابلوی ژکوند مگریت بپردازد. به نظر می رسد نسخه ژکوند مگریت به وسیله پیوستگی ها و مناسبات متنی ویژه با پیش متن خود، می تواند گونه ای متفاوت از جناس های تصویری پارودیک نقاش محسوب شود. و با توجه به بافتار فراواقعی اثر، عنوانش به ناسازگاری معنایی و در نتیجه خلق امر شگفت منجر می شود. امر شگفت از طریق پیچیده سازی رابطه میان زبان و تصویر و به پرسش کشیدن آنچه طبیعی به نظر می رسد ایجاد می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• نقاشی ژکوند
• رنه مگریت
• لئوناردو داوینچی
• ژرار ژنت
• بیش متنیت

موضوعات

• هنرهای تجسمی و کاربردی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Transtextuality reading on Joconde painting by Rene magritte based on the Gerard Genette`s typology

نویسندگان [English]

• azam hakim ¹
• Bahman Namvar Motlagh ²

¹ alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

² assistant professor, French Language Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Throughout the history of painting, there are several works that have been reproduced according to numerous approaches, including Leonardo da Vinci`s Joconde (mona lisa). The characteristics of these inclusions are remarkable similarities between the first and second text. But one of the less known paintings derived from this painting is Rene Magritte`s Joconde, Belgian surrealist painter. In this painting, the feature mentioned, Resemblance, is not at least at first glance. Type of derived is one of the studied topics in transtextuality approach of Gerard Genette (literary theorist) as hypertextuality. hypertextuality is the term chosen by Gennett to link a text with other texts. Magritte painting as hypotext forms to complex, multi-layered and mystery relation between work, title and it`s Ohypotext, da Vinci`s Joconde. This study intends to read Magritte’s Jocondo by descriptive, analytical method and based on hypertextuality typology of Genette and context`s characteristics of the creation, the surrealism’s style.
In this regard, the relations between the Ohypotext and the hypotext are divided into four categories, and we classify it according to the Genette typology of the gene (in the study of this sample, 3 of 6 cases were identified including pastiche, parody and transposition. among them, Parody appears more powerful than the rest of the types in the overall connection between two paintings). The categorization of inter-authoring relationships includes the following: The relationship between the title of the first text and the title of the second text, the relationship between the common title of texts with the hypotext, the relationship between the first and second text and the relationship between hypotext and its title.
Apart from these main relationships, some min-relationships were made between other works that were somehow associated with the joconde of magritte, and were also studied their hypertext relations. We have given the title of intra-authoring relationships to this section of the relationships. This kind of relations include: The relationship between the joconde paintings of magritte, editions 62 and 64, The relationship between the paintings and the sculpture of joconde, the lost effort and the beautiful world and The relationship between the paintings and the sculpture of joconde. transtextuality types in these relationships also include: pastiche, Transposition, forgery.
It seems that Joconde of Magritte can be considered as a different type of painter `s parodic visual puns by continuity and special text relationships with its Ohypotext. But due to the work`s surrealistic context, its title forms to the meaning conflict, and in this way leads to create an amazing object. This seems to be of the same Congruent with a rhetorical advice Named Catachresis (using the strange and seemingly wrong words in the new context in a way that is isolated from known for his context). All these features forms to different work in naming that is not tautology. Which means that proposition will not be repeated in the work and the role of language would be deconstructed in the interpretation of a work of art and this role only is decodeable in multi-dimensional network.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• joconde
• rene Magritte
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Gerard Genette
• transtextuality