نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا شیخی ¹
• ساناز سیروس ²

¹ گروه صنایع دستی، دانشکده هنرهای کاربردی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد گرافیک، موسسه آموزش عالی فردوس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

محراب‌های مسجد-مدرسه زوزن و مسجد فرومد از یادگارهای معماری عصر سلجوقی و ایلخانی است که به لحاظ ارزش تزیینات گچ‌بری و نوع نوشتار درخور توجه و قابل‌تأمل‌ می­باشند. شناخت شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌های تزیینات و خوانش کتیبه محراب‌ها از اهداف مقاله حاضر بوده که با این سؤال آغاز می‌شود ساختار بصری کتیبه و آرایه در این دو محراب چیست؟ روش پژوهش توصیفی، تحلیلی و تاریخی و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی است. متن کتیبه‌های محراب زوزن با آیاتی از سوره‌های مبارکه مائده و مؤمنون با خط تزیینی کوفی و محراب فرومد به آیاتی از سوره‌های مبارکه مریم، حج و بقره با خط کوفی تزیینی، ثلث و رقاع مزین گردیده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند ساختار و ترکیب‌بندی خط نگاره‌های محراب‌ها مشخصاً شاهد اصل هماهنگی در بستر کتیبه‌های محراب مسجد زوزن و تنوع در محراب مسجد فرومد می‌باشد. نگاره‌های محراب زوزن صرفاً تزیینی و در محراب فرومد در راستای هماهنگی با نوشتار است و فضای در اختیار هنرمندِ کتیبه‌نویس و طراح، با درایت استفاده گردیده و از منظر تناسبات طلایی مسجد فرومد از فضای بسیار پویاتری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• مسجد-مدرسه زوزن
• مسجد فرومد
• محراب
• کتیبه‌ها و آرایه‌ه

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Decorations of Altars of Zoozan and Foroumad Mosques

نویسندگان [English]

• Alireza Sheikhi ¹
• Sanaz Sirous ²

¹ Handy craft Department, Applied Art Faculty, Tehran University of Art, Tehran, Iran

² MA in Graphic, Ferdows Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Jame mosque-school of Zoozan and Jame mosque of Foroumad were built during Saljooghi and Ilkhani dynasties in khorasan. These two historic buildings were built in the 5th to 7th centuries AH. The decorations of these mosques, especially the altar, are well known to the people of culture and art. The altars of both of the monuments include magnificent inscriptions and decorations. In this paper, we analyze features of inscriptions of these two monuments and investigate the differences and similarities between them. Also read the inscription of the altar is the others goals of the paper. The question of the research is this: What is the visual structure of the inscriptions and arrays in these two altar? The research method is descriptive, analytical and historical. Data collection was based on documentary and case studies. In this regard, at first, two altars were photographed. After planning the altar, its decorations were analyzed and the decorations and inscriptions were classified. Then, these data were set in the tables and a comparative study was made on the form and form on the decorations. In the final stage, the characteristics of the stucco of each period and the style of inscription were examined. The motives are divided into two parts: Inscription and motif. The motives are classified into geometric and vegetative forms. The structure of the words and letters of the inscriptions from the visual arts, It has a cross-sectional relationship with the component. The text of the inscriptions includes verses from the Holy Qur'an, which refer to matters concerning believers. The scrolls of the altar of the Zoozan Mosque include verses of Sura Ma'edeh and Mu'minoon of Quran. There are two other inscriptions called benefactor and the maker of the altar. It should be noted that the inscriptions of this altar have been written with the decorative Kofi calligraphy. The inscriptions used on the altar of the mosque of Froumad include verses of Surah Baqarah and Maryam. Of course, it should be noted that the arch inscription arch was not read due to confusion. These inscriptions are written with Kofi and sols Calligraphies. The findings show: The structure and composition of the altar of the mosque-school of Zoozan emphasizes the principle of harmony and in the altar of Foroumad mosque follows the principle of diversity. The altar decorations of Zoozan are merely decorative and the decorations of the Foroumad altar are in harmony with the text. In fact, it should be noted that the image and appearance of calligraphy is highlighted in the altar of Z00zan Mosque. This is while the decorations in the altar of the Masood Foroumad are more visibleCertainly, the artist and designer has used the space of the altar with tact. In terms of golden ratio, the altar of the mosque of Froud has a much more dynamic space than the altar of Foroumad mosque.